Comparison of Antioxidant and Antihyaluronidase Activities in Extract of Basil Leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) with Eugenol Compound

Abstract

Aging is a slow progressive loss of the ability of tissue to repair or regenerate and maintain its normal structure and function. Free radicals has been one of the aging factor, because free radicals can damage molecule in the body like lipid and protein. Antioxidant can help protect the body from free radicals. Has been known from many studies that there is many fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidant and antiaging (antihyaluronidase). One of that is basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.). And one of the compound which can be found quite much in basil leaves is eugenol. This study aims to reveal comparison of the antioxidant and antihyaluronidase potential possessed in etanol extract of basil leaves compare to Eugenol compound. The hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radicals scavanging antioxidant activity was measured based on the reaction method of ferrous ammonium sulphate and phenanthroline with little modification. The antihyaluronidase activity was detected by measuring the amount of Hyaluronic Acid based on method that has been told by Sigma Aldrich and Tu & Tawata (2015) with little modification. Eugenol had an IC₅₀ value for H₂O₂  radicals scavenging activity as of 100,82 ± 8.60 µg/mL and basil leaves extract was 171,68 ± 2.21 µg/mL. While hyaluronidase inhibition activity from eugenol was 26,69 ± 2.89 µg/mL and basil leaves extract was 65,37 ± 3.96 µg/mL. In summary, eugenol compound which can be found in extract of basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) has better H₂O₂ radicals scavanging activity and  hyaluronidase enzyme inhibitory activity than the extract of basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.). Thus, present study described maybe eugenol is the main antioxidant and antiaging potential compound  in basil leaves extract.