Effect of Addition of CaO and ZrO2 on the Performance of MgO/AC Catalyst for the Synthesis of New Bio-Diesel (HiBD) from Waste Cooking Oil
Keywords:
High quality Bio-diesel, Deoxygenation, Decarboxylation, CaO, ZrO2Abstract
MgO catalysts supported on activated carbon with the addition of CaO and ZrO2 were successfully prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method used for production of high quality bio-diesel (HiBD) through catalytic-decarboxylation. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD and CO2-TPD. The results of XRD and BET indicated that MgO and added oxides of all of catalysts were highly dispersed on activated carbon and the addition of ZrO2 lead to a large specific surface area and pore volume. Catalytic conversion of waste cooking oil was carried out with an agitated reactor under conditions of 430 °C in an He flow (50 ml/min). The triglycerides in the oil were converted into a mixture of hydrocarbons, CO, CO2 and water with a very small amount of oxygenated compounds, mostly free fatty acids. CO2 yield and acid value (AV) were used to evaluate the decarboxylation performance as indexes. The results indicated that the MgO/AC catalyst with the addition of ZrO2 exhibited a high activity for the decarboxylation of fatty acids due to it had higher surface area and pore volume.
References
[1] M. Fangrui and A.H. Milford. “Biodiesel production a review.” Bioresource Technology, vol. 70, pp. 1-5, Feb. 1999.
[2] J.B. Hanny and H. Shizuko. “Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids.” Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp. 1716-1721, Apr. 2008.
[3] D. Ayhan. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods? a survey.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 44, pp. 2093-2109, Aug. 2003.
[4] D.P. Prafulla, G.G. Veera, K.R. Harvind, M. Tapaswy, D. Shuguang, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid and microwave irradiation processes.” Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 3, pp. 107-113, Nov. 2012.
[5] G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M.P. Sharma, “Production and performance evaluation of diesel engine using biodiesel from pongamia oil.” International Journal of Energy Science, vol. 3, pp. 292-296, Aug. 2013.
[6] G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M.P. Sharma, “Impact analysis of biodiesel on engine performance? a review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 4633-4641, Dec. 2011.
[7] J.G. Immer, M.J. Kelly, and H.H. Lamb, “Catalytic reaction pathways in liquid-phase deoxygenation of C18 free fatty acids.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 375, pp. 134-139, Feb. 2010.
[8] S.J. Eduardo, M. Crocker, “Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to hydrocarbon fuels via decarboxylation/decarbonylation.” Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, pp. 1041-1050, Mar. 2012.
[9] M. Snare, I. Kubickova, P. Maki-Arvela, K. Eranen, J. Warna, D.Y. Murzin, “Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds? Kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation.” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 134, pp. 29-34, Nov. 2007.
[10] M. Snare, I. Kubickova, P. Maki-Arvela, D. Chichova, K. Eranen, D.Y. Murzin, “Catalytic deoxygenation of unsaturated renewable feedstocks for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons.” Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 933-945, May. 2008.
[11] I. Simakova, O. Simakova, P. Maki-Arvela, A. Simakov, M. Estrada, and D.Y. Murzin, “Deoxygenation of palmitic and stearic acid over supported Pd catalysts? Effect of metal dispersion.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 355, pp. 100-108, Feb. 2009.
[12] P. Maki-Arvela, M. Snare, K. Eranen, J. Myllyoja, D.Y. Murzin, “Continuous decarboxylation of lauric acid over Pd/C catalyst.” Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3543-3549, Dec. 2008.
[13] P.T. Do, M. Chiappero, L.L Lobban, D.E. Resasco, “Catalytic deoxygenation of methyl-octanoate and methyl-stearate on Pt/Al2O3.” Catalysis Letter, vol. 130, pp. 9-18, Jun. 2009.
[14] A. Zhang, Q. Ma, K. Wang, X. Lui, P. Shuler, Y. Tang, “Naphthenic acid removal from crude oil through catalytic decarboxylation on magnesium oxide.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 303 ?1?, pp. 103-109 Apr. 2006.
[15] M. Watanabe, T. Iida, H. Inomata, “Decomposition of a long chain saturated fatty acid with some additives in hot compressed water.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, pp. 3344-3350, Nov. 2006.
[16] H. Tani, M. Shimouchi, H. Haga, K. Fujimoto, “Development of direct production process of diesel fuel from vegetable oils.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 90, pp. 466-470, Nov. 2011.
[17] H. Tani, M. Hasegawa, K. Asami, K. Fujimoto, “Selective catalytic decarboxy-cracking of triglyceride to middle-distillate hydrocarbon.” Catalysis Today, vol. 164, pp. 410-414, Apr. 2011.
[18] Y. Murakami, H. Tani, K. Asami, and K. Fujimoto, “Improvement of fixed bed reaction system for the production of the new bio-diesel HiBD.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 94, pp. 1074-1078, Dec. 2015.
[19] K. Asami, Y. Komatsu, K. Ono, K. Fujimoto, “New hydrocarbon biodiesel fuel and its production through catalytic decarboxylation of triglycerides with fixed bed reactor.” Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, vol. 58 ?5?, pp. 293-301, Nov. 2015.
[20] P. Natewong, Y. Murakami, H. Tani, K. Asami, “Development of heterogeneous basic catalysts supported on silica for the synthesis of high quality bio-diesel from waste cooking oil.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 94, pp. 1393-1396, Aug. 2015.
[21] M.C.G. Albuquerque, I. Jimenez-Urbistondo, J. Santamaria-Gonzalez, J.M. Merida-Robles, R. Moreno-Tost, E. Rodriguez-Castellon, A. Jimenez-Lopez, D.C.S. Azevedo, C.L. Cavalcante Jr, P. Maireles-Torres, “CaO supported on mesoporous silicas as basic catalysts for transesterification reactions.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 334 ?1), pp. 35-43, Jan. 2008.
[22] H.V. Lee, J.C. Juan, N.F.B. Abdullah, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, “Heterogeneous base catalysis for edible palm and non-edible Jatropha-based biodiesel production.” Chemical Central Journal, vol. 8, pp. 30-33, May. 2014.
[23] K.Y. Koo, H.S. Roh, U.H. Jung, D.J. Seo, Y.S. Seo, W.L. Yoon, “Combined H2O and CO2 reforming of CH4 over nano-sized Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts for synthesis gas production for gas to liquid ?GTL?? Effect of Mg/Al mixed ratio on coke formation.” Catalysis Today, vol. 146, pp. 166-171, Aug. 2009.
[24] H. Chen, X. Zhou, H. Shang, C. Liu, J. Qiu, F. Wei, “Study of dibenzothiophene adsorption over carbon nanotube supported CoMo HDS catalysts.” Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 13, pp. 209-217, Dec. 2004.
[25] S.G. Liu, S.Y. Huang, L.X. Guan, J.P. Li, N. Zhao, W. Wei, Y.H. Sun, “Preparation of a novel mesoporous solid base Na-ZrO2 with ultrahigh thermal stability.” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 102 ?1-3?, pp. 304-309, May. 2007.
[26] B. Peng, C. Zhao, S. Kasakov, S. Foraita, and J.A. Lercher, “Manipulating catalytic pathways? deoxygenation of palmitic acid on multifunctional catalysts.” Chemistry A European Journal, vol. 19 ?15?, pp. 4732-4741, Mar. 2013.
[27] M. Watanabe, H. Inomata, R.L. Smith Jr, K. Arai, “Catalytic decarboxylation of acetic acid with zirconia catalyst in supercritical water.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 219, pp. 146-156, Oct. 2001.
[28] P. Maeki-Arvela, I. Kubickova, M. Snare, K. Eranen, D.Y. Murzin, “Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives.” Energy ? Fuel, vol. 21, pp. 30-41, Dec. 2007.
[29] Y.C. Wong, Y.P. Tan, Y.H. Taufik-Yap, I. Ramli, “Effect of calcination temperatures of CaO/Nb2O5 mixed oxides catalysts on biodiesel production.” Sains Malaysiana, vol. 43?5?, pp. 783-790, May. 2014.
[2] J.B. Hanny and H. Shizuko. “Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids.” Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp. 1716-1721, Apr. 2008.
[3] D. Ayhan. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods? a survey.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 44, pp. 2093-2109, Aug. 2003.
[4] D.P. Prafulla, G.G. Veera, K.R. Harvind, M. Tapaswy, D. Shuguang, “Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid and microwave irradiation processes.” Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. 3, pp. 107-113, Nov. 2012.
[5] G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M.P. Sharma, “Production and performance evaluation of diesel engine using biodiesel from pongamia oil.” International Journal of Energy Science, vol. 3, pp. 292-296, Aug. 2013.
[6] G. Dwivedi, S. Jain, M.P. Sharma, “Impact analysis of biodiesel on engine performance? a review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 4633-4641, Dec. 2011.
[7] J.G. Immer, M.J. Kelly, and H.H. Lamb, “Catalytic reaction pathways in liquid-phase deoxygenation of C18 free fatty acids.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 375, pp. 134-139, Feb. 2010.
[8] S.J. Eduardo, M. Crocker, “Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to hydrocarbon fuels via decarboxylation/decarbonylation.” Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, pp. 1041-1050, Mar. 2012.
[9] M. Snare, I. Kubickova, P. Maki-Arvela, K. Eranen, J. Warna, D.Y. Murzin, “Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds? Kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation.” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 134, pp. 29-34, Nov. 2007.
[10] M. Snare, I. Kubickova, P. Maki-Arvela, D. Chichova, K. Eranen, D.Y. Murzin, “Catalytic deoxygenation of unsaturated renewable feedstocks for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons.” Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 933-945, May. 2008.
[11] I. Simakova, O. Simakova, P. Maki-Arvela, A. Simakov, M. Estrada, and D.Y. Murzin, “Deoxygenation of palmitic and stearic acid over supported Pd catalysts? Effect of metal dispersion.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 355, pp. 100-108, Feb. 2009.
[12] P. Maki-Arvela, M. Snare, K. Eranen, J. Myllyoja, D.Y. Murzin, “Continuous decarboxylation of lauric acid over Pd/C catalyst.” Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3543-3549, Dec. 2008.
[13] P.T. Do, M. Chiappero, L.L Lobban, D.E. Resasco, “Catalytic deoxygenation of methyl-octanoate and methyl-stearate on Pt/Al2O3.” Catalysis Letter, vol. 130, pp. 9-18, Jun. 2009.
[14] A. Zhang, Q. Ma, K. Wang, X. Lui, P. Shuler, Y. Tang, “Naphthenic acid removal from crude oil through catalytic decarboxylation on magnesium oxide.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 303 ?1?, pp. 103-109 Apr. 2006.
[15] M. Watanabe, T. Iida, H. Inomata, “Decomposition of a long chain saturated fatty acid with some additives in hot compressed water.” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 47, pp. 3344-3350, Nov. 2006.
[16] H. Tani, M. Shimouchi, H. Haga, K. Fujimoto, “Development of direct production process of diesel fuel from vegetable oils.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 90, pp. 466-470, Nov. 2011.
[17] H. Tani, M. Hasegawa, K. Asami, K. Fujimoto, “Selective catalytic decarboxy-cracking of triglyceride to middle-distillate hydrocarbon.” Catalysis Today, vol. 164, pp. 410-414, Apr. 2011.
[18] Y. Murakami, H. Tani, K. Asami, and K. Fujimoto, “Improvement of fixed bed reaction system for the production of the new bio-diesel HiBD.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 94, pp. 1074-1078, Dec. 2015.
[19] K. Asami, Y. Komatsu, K. Ono, K. Fujimoto, “New hydrocarbon biodiesel fuel and its production through catalytic decarboxylation of triglycerides with fixed bed reactor.” Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, vol. 58 ?5?, pp. 293-301, Nov. 2015.
[20] P. Natewong, Y. Murakami, H. Tani, K. Asami, “Development of heterogeneous basic catalysts supported on silica for the synthesis of high quality bio-diesel from waste cooking oil.” Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, vol. 94, pp. 1393-1396, Aug. 2015.
[21] M.C.G. Albuquerque, I. Jimenez-Urbistondo, J. Santamaria-Gonzalez, J.M. Merida-Robles, R. Moreno-Tost, E. Rodriguez-Castellon, A. Jimenez-Lopez, D.C.S. Azevedo, C.L. Cavalcante Jr, P. Maireles-Torres, “CaO supported on mesoporous silicas as basic catalysts for transesterification reactions.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 334 ?1), pp. 35-43, Jan. 2008.
[22] H.V. Lee, J.C. Juan, N.F.B. Abdullah, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, “Heterogeneous base catalysis for edible palm and non-edible Jatropha-based biodiesel production.” Chemical Central Journal, vol. 8, pp. 30-33, May. 2014.
[23] K.Y. Koo, H.S. Roh, U.H. Jung, D.J. Seo, Y.S. Seo, W.L. Yoon, “Combined H2O and CO2 reforming of CH4 over nano-sized Ni/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts for synthesis gas production for gas to liquid ?GTL?? Effect of Mg/Al mixed ratio on coke formation.” Catalysis Today, vol. 146, pp. 166-171, Aug. 2009.
[24] H. Chen, X. Zhou, H. Shang, C. Liu, J. Qiu, F. Wei, “Study of dibenzothiophene adsorption over carbon nanotube supported CoMo HDS catalysts.” Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 13, pp. 209-217, Dec. 2004.
[25] S.G. Liu, S.Y. Huang, L.X. Guan, J.P. Li, N. Zhao, W. Wei, Y.H. Sun, “Preparation of a novel mesoporous solid base Na-ZrO2 with ultrahigh thermal stability.” Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 102 ?1-3?, pp. 304-309, May. 2007.
[26] B. Peng, C. Zhao, S. Kasakov, S. Foraita, and J.A. Lercher, “Manipulating catalytic pathways? deoxygenation of palmitic acid on multifunctional catalysts.” Chemistry A European Journal, vol. 19 ?15?, pp. 4732-4741, Mar. 2013.
[27] M. Watanabe, H. Inomata, R.L. Smith Jr, K. Arai, “Catalytic decarboxylation of acetic acid with zirconia catalyst in supercritical water.” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 219, pp. 146-156, Oct. 2001.
[28] P. Maeki-Arvela, I. Kubickova, M. Snare, K. Eranen, D.Y. Murzin, “Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives.” Energy ? Fuel, vol. 21, pp. 30-41, Dec. 2007.
[29] Y.C. Wong, Y.P. Tan, Y.H. Taufik-Yap, I. Ramli, “Effect of calcination temperatures of CaO/Nb2O5 mixed oxides catalysts on biodiesel production.” Sains Malaysiana, vol. 43?5?, pp. 783-790, May. 2014.
Downloads
Published
2016-08-22
How to Cite
Natewong, P., Prasongthum, N., Murakami, Y., Tanid, H., & Asami, K. (2016). Effect of Addition of CaO and ZrO2 on the Performance of MgO/AC Catalyst for the Synthesis of New Bio-Diesel (HiBD) from Waste Cooking Oil. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 24(1), 76–89. Retrieved from https://www.asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/2032
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.
