The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Oral Health - An Ob-servational Study

Authors

  • Mimoza Canga Department of Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, University "Ismail Qemali",Vlora, 9401, Albania
  • Irene Malagnino Malagnino Associated Medical Clinic, Rome, 00144, Italy
  • Edit Xhajanka Department of Dental Prosthesis, University of Medicine Tirana, Nr. 183 Tirana, 1001, Albania
  • Ruzhdie Qafmolla Department of Dental Prosthesis, University of Medicine Tirana, Nr. 183 Tirana, 1001, Albania
  • Vito Antonio Malagnino Endodontic Chair, University "Gabriele D’Annunzio" Chieti, 66100, Italy

Keywords:

Cigarette smoking, dental caries, gingival status, lip inflammation, missing teeth, young adults

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is a major cause of a high number of diseases including oral diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on oral health. This is an observational study. In the present research were taken into consideration 200 young adults with an age range of 18 to 25 years old, of which 58% were males and 42% were females. The study found a strong correlation between smoking and very bad gingival status (P= .001; 95% CI 0.42-0.53), missing teeth (P= .001; 95% CI 0.35-0.45), dental caries (P= .001; 95% CI 0.36-0.43), and inflammation of the lips (P= .001; 95% CI 0.33-0.57).

References

. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General. 2012, Atlanta, GA: U.S: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

.Nazir MA, Al-Ansari A, Abbasi N, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Its Adverse Oral Health Consequences. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Oct 11; 7(21):3659-3666.

.Silva H. Tobacco Use and Periodontal Disease-The Role of Microvascular Dysfunction. Biology (Basel). 2021 May 17; 10(5):441.

. Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun; 45 Suppl 20:S162- 70.

.Chapple IL, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun; 45 Suppl 20:S68-77.

.Li Y, Lee S, Hujoel P, Su M, Zhang W, Kim J, et al. Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in American adults. Am J Dent. 2010 Feb; 23(1):9-13.

.Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Ohya Y, Miyamoto S, Matsunaga I, Yoshida T, Hirota Y, Oda H, Maternal TO, Child Health Study Group. Active and passive smoking and tooth loss in Japanese women: baseline data from the osaka maternal and child health study. Annals of epidemiology. 2005 May 1; 15(5):358-64.

.Wagenknecht DR, BalHaddad AA, Gregory RL. Effects of nicotine on oral microorganisms, human tissues, and the interactions between them. Current Oral Health Reports. 2018 Mar;5(1):78-87.

.Haresaku S, Hanioka T, Tsutsui A, Watanabe T. Association of lip pigmentation with smoking and gingival melanin pigmentation. Oral diseases. 2007 Jan; 13(1):71-6.

.Multani S. Interrelationship of Smoking, Lip and Gingival Melanin Pigmentation, and Periodontal Status Addict Health. 2013 Winter-Spring; 5(1-2): 57–65.

.Putri PD, Susanto AD, Hudoyo A, Nurwidya F, Taufik FF, Andarini S, Antariksa B. Correlation between domestic cigarette smoke exposure and respiratory complaints, hospitalization and school absence due to respiratory complains in the Indonesian elementary school-aged children. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research. 2018 Oct; 8(4):244.

.Corsi DJ, Lear SA, Chow CK, Subramanian SV, Boyle MH, Teo KK. Socioeconomic and geographic patterning of smoking behaviour in Canada: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Feb 28; 8(2):e57646.

.Woodgate RL, Kreklewetz CM. Youth’s narratives about family members smoking: parenting the parent-it’s not fair. BMC Public Health. 2012 Dec; 12(1):1-3.

.Pierce JP, White MM, Messer K. Changing age-specific patterns of cigarette consumption in the United States, 1992–2002: association with smoke-free homes and state-level tobacco control activity. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2009 Feb 19; 11(2):171-7.

.World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Jama. 2013 Nov 27; 310(20):2191-4.

.Toljamo T, Hamari A, Nieminen P, Kinnula VL. Young male daily smokers are nicotine dependent and experience several unsuccessful quit attempts. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. 2012 Sep 1; 30(3):183-8.

.Passey ME, Gale JT, Sanson-Fisher RW. “It’s almost expected": rural Australian Aboriginal women's reflections on smoking initiation and maintenance: a qualitative study. BMC Women's Health. 2011 Dec; 11(1):1-2.

.Mak KK, Ho SY, Day JR. Smoking of parents and best friend—independent and combined effects on adolescent smoking and intention to initiate and quit smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2012 Sep 1; 14(9):1057-64.

.Janz T. Current smoking trends. Health at a Glance. Statistics Canada Catalogue. 2012(82-624).

.Barrington-Trimis JL, Braymiller JL, Unger JB, McConnell R, Stokes A, Leventhal AM, Sargent JD, Samet JM, Goodwin RD. Trends in the Age of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Young Adults in the US From 2002 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct 1; 3(10):e2019022.

.Haberstick BC, Timberlake D, Ehringer MA, Lessem JM, Hopfer CJ, Smolen A, Hewitt JK. Genes, time to first cigarette and nicotine dependence in a general population sample of young adults. Addiction. 2007 Apr; 102(4):655-65.

.Rösing CK, Gomes SC, Carvajal P, Gómez M, Costa R, Toledo A, Solanes F, Romanelli H, Gamonal J, Oppermann RV. Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities. Braz Oral Res. 2019 Sep 16; 33:e090.

.Holde GE, Jönsson B, Oscarson N, Müller HP. To what extent does smoking affect gingival bleeding response to supragingival plaque? Site-specific analyses in a population-based study. J Periodontal Res. 2020 Apr; 55(2):277-286.

.Mirbod SM, Ahing SI. Tobacco-associated lesions of the oral cavity: Part I. Nonmalignant lesions. J Can Dent Assoc. 2000 May; 66(5):252-6.

.Hanioka T, Ojima M, Tanaka K, Matsuo K, Sato F, Tanaka H. Causal assessment of smoking and tooth loss: a systematic review of observational studies. BMC public health. 2011 Dec; 11(1):1-0.

Downloads

Published

2022-11-19

How to Cite

Canga, M., Irene Malagnino, Edit Xhajanka, Ruzhdie Qafmolla, & Vito Antonio Malagnino. (2022). The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Oral Health - An Ob-servational Study. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 90(1), 246–252. Retrieved from https://www.asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/8173

Issue

Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2022 American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors who submit papers with this journal agree to the following terms.