Magnitude of Physical and Sexual Violence among Eritrean Women Refugee Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the Year 2022

Authors

  • Mussie Wolday Addis Ababa University, School of public health department of epidemiology and Biostatics, Ethiopia
  • Ayele Belachew Addis Ababa University, School of public health department of epidemiology and Biostatics, Ethiopia
  • Lidya Genene Addis Ababa University, School of public health department of epidemiology and Biostatics, Ethiopia
  • Awgichew Kifle Addis Ababa University, School of public health department of epidemiology and Biostatics, Ethiopia

Keywords:

Magnitude, sexual violence, Physical violence

Abstract

Physical and sexual violence is seen as a complex and sensitive issue to engage with, are covered in silence, and have all led to inaction. This study is intended to fill the gap on the availability data on magnitude physical and sexual violence, where limited researches had been conducted focusing mainly on urban women refugee in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study aimed to determine the magnitude of physical and sexual violence based on cross-sectional study. It was conducted on sample of 427 Eritrean refugee women living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Systematic sampling was used to select the sample unit from the study population. Among the women refugee respondents 59% (95%CI 54.2-63.7) reported that they were physically violated. Among physically violated 87.3% were slapped. Pushed, shoved and pulled. Partner physical violence is 15.2% while non-partner physical violence is 43.8%. Magnitude of Sexual violence is 55.7% with (95% CI 50.9-60.5).Among the sexually violated 94.4% were responded as touched; kissed and insulted. The Magnitude of physical and sexual violence in Eritrean refugees in Addis Ababa is so high. Overall knowledge of prevalence of sexual and physical violation will help to study further researches to study the risk factors and then to prevent it.

References

Department of Clinical Psychology, Keya University, Keya, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Iraq

Lubbers. R. (2003). Sexual Educational Assistance for successful integration of refugee women into new social environment

UNHCR, 2018 and UNHCR, 2019

© 2020 International Organization for Migration (IOM). (World migration report 2020

Available at http://www.unhcr.org/africa.html

[Online] Available at: http://www.unhcr.org/women.html

http://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/april-2015/refugees-turn-ethiopia-safety-and-asylum [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018]

Ethiopia National Sexual and Gender Based Violence Strategy 2017-2019

Ali.S.(2014).

2121 UNHCR (2018).Urban Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/urban-refugees.html (Accessed 9 April 2018

Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH. WHO multicountry study on Women’s health and domestic violence against women study team. Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet. 2006;368:1260–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8.

Uthman OA, Lawoko S, Moradi T. Factors associated with attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women: a comparative analysis of 17 sub Saharan countries. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2009;9:14. https://doi.org/10. 1186/1472-698X-9-14.

Krug EG et al., eds. World report on violence and health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002.

. Shalev C. Rights to sexual and reproductive health: the ICPD and the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. Health Human Rights. 2000;4:38–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/4065196.

The promise of equality, reproductive health and the millennium development goals | SAFAIDS. [Cited 23 Aug 2018]. Available: http:// catalogue.safaids.net/publications/promise-equality-reproductive-health-andmillenium-development-goals

From Violence Against Women: The Hidden Health Burden (World Bank 1994) Fact Sheet on Gender Violence: A Statistics for Action Fact Sheet (L. Heise, IWTC, 1992) and Progress of the World’s Women (UNIFEM, 2000)

Mary Jennings and Sherry McLean, gender based violence

Bott S. Sexual violence and coercion: implications for sexual and reproductive health. In: Malarcher S, editor. Social determinants of sexual and reproductive health: informing future research and programme implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. p. 133–57

Jina R, Thomas LS. Health consequences of sexual violence against women. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;27(1):15–26.

International Committee of the Red Cross,

Jewkes R, Abrahams N. The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview. Social Science and Medicine (in press

WHO. (2019). Respect Women: Preventing Violence against Women. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization

World Health Organization. Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence: Executive summary.Available:https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85239/ 9789241564625_eng.pdf; jsessionid=6E940F74EB1BC5204EEDE0FC 6D26F358

Palermo T, Bleck J, Peterman A. Tip of the Iceberg: Reporting and Gender-Based violence in developing Countries. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;12:2013

Vu A, Adam A, Wirtz A, Pham K, Rubenstein L, Glass N, et al. The prevalence of sexual violence among female refugees in complex humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Currents Disasters. 2013. http://currents.plos.org/disasters/article/the-prevalence-ofsexual-violence-among-female-refugees-in-complex-humanitarianemergencies-a-system

Pain Ahmadi N, et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder, coronary atherosclerosis and mortality. Am J Card. 2011; 108(1):29–33. Crosby, S. S. (2013). Primary care management of non–English-speaking refugees who have experienced trauma: a clinical review. JAMA, 310(5), 519-528.

Hynes M, Lopes Cardozo B. Observations from the CDC: Sexual Violence against Refugee Women. J Women Health Gender Based Med 2000; 9(8): 819-823.

Eapen R, Falcione F, Hersh M et al. Initial assessment report: Protection Risks for Women and Girls in the European Refugee and Migrant Crisis Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. UNHCR, UNFPA, WRC, UNFPA, 2015

Djikanovic B, Jansen HA, and Otasevic S. Factors associated with intimate partner violence against women in Serbia: a cross-sectional study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010;64(8):728–

2121 UNHCR.(2018).Urban Refugees. http://www.unhcr.org/urban-refugees.html (Accessed 9 April 2018 35.

Questionnaire Gender-Based Violence Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation with Refugee and Conflict-Affected Populations A Manual and Toolkit for Researchers and Practitioners 2017

Feseha et al. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:125

2,132 WHO, 1997: http://www.who.int/gender/violence/v4.pdf 13 Vu, A., Adam, A., Wirtz, A., Pham, K., Rubenstein, L., Glass, N., Beyrer, C., & Singh, S. (2014). The Prevalence of Sexual Violence among Female Refugees in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLOS Current Disasters.

Mootz, J.J.; Muhanguzi, F.K.; Panko, P.; Mangen, P.O.; Wainberg, M.L.; Pinsky, I.; Khoshnood, K. Armed conflict, alcohol misuse, decision-making, and intimate partner violence among women in Northeastern Uganda: A population level study. Confl. Health 2018, 12, 11. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Violence Experience among Immigrants and Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study in ItalyBioMed Research International Volume 2018, Article ID 7949483, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7949483

A cross-sectional survey on gender-based violence and mental health among female urban refugees and asylum seekers in Kampala, Uganda

Questionnaire Gender-Based Violence Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation with Refugee and Conflict-Affected Populations A Manual and Toolkit for Researchers and Practitioners 2017

. https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_Reports/sierraleone-sexual-violence-2002.pdf.

Downloads

Published

2023-02-11

How to Cite

Mussie Wolday, Ayele Belachew, Lidya Genene, & Awgichew Kifle. (2023). Magnitude of Physical and Sexual Violence among Eritrean Women Refugee Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the Year 2022. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 91(1), 113–130. Retrieved from https://www.asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/8517

Issue

Section

Articles